Elsewhere, the sphere of sport has its rechristened exponents (boxer and prizeﬁghter Bendigo began life as William Thompson), while in politics Russia and the Soviet Union gave the world Vladimir Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), Joseph Stalin (Iosif Dzhugashvili), and Leon Trotsky (Lev Bronstein). On a contrasting note, religion has sanctiﬁed popes such as Benedict XVI (born Joseph Ratzinger) and holy men and women such as Mother Teresa (Agnes Bojaxhiu), while Italy has nurtured Renaissance artists such as Donatello (Donato de’ Bardi), Giorgione (Giorgio Barbarelli), and Tintoretto ( Jacopo Robusti). Bob Dylan (originally Robert Zimmerman) and Elton John (Reginald Dwight) are just two of many examples. Pseudonyms are also widely found in the world of music, especially among pop and rock performers. Well-known examples are the author Lewis Carroll (original name Charles Ludwidge Dodgson) and the actress Marilyn Monroe (original name Norma Jean Mortensen). Common examples are the pen names taken by writers, or the stage names adopted by actors. Anyone known to have adopted a new name, even by the alteration of a single letter, is included, though it will be seen that most newly assumed names differ noticeably from the original.Ī pseudonym (literally “false name”) is a name that differs from an original orthonym (“true name”), and as popularly understood is a new name that a person assumes for a particular purpose. Otherwise, readers familiar with previous editions will ﬁnd the mixture as before, with an even wider range of writers, actors, dancers, musicians, entertainers, sports personalities, religious ﬁgures, and impostors. Any errors detected in the earlier edition have now been corrected, while a number of names formerly lacking an origin have been supplied with one. The entries have been updated and in many cases expanded, whether as original text or by way of quoted material, and the cross-references have been substantially increased in number. It has more than 2,000 new entries, making a total of approximately 13,000, and an entirely rewritten Introduction. This ﬁfth edition of the Dictionary of Pseudonyms is a substantially revised and enlarged version of the fourth edition, published in 2004. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 TABLE OF CONTENTS Front cover image ©2010 Eyewire Manufactured in the United States of America All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Dictionary of pseudonyms : 13,000 assumed names and their origins / Adrian Room.- 5th ed. (2006) Placenames of France: Over 4,000 Towns, Villages, Natural Features, Regions and Departments (2004 paperback 2009)

(2008) The Pronunciation of Placenames: A Worldwide Dictionary (2007) Nicknames of Places: Origins and Meanings of the Alternate and Secondary Names, Sobriquets, Titles, Epithets and Slogans for 4600 Places Worldwide (2006) Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites, 2d ed. Dictionary of Sports and Games Terminolog y (2010) Alternate Names of Places: A Worldwide Dictionary (2009) African Placenames: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Natural Features, Towns, Cities, Provinces and Countries, 2d ed.

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